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Book I Chapter 3 Troubleshooting and Configuring Linux Setting Up Printers 87 4. Provide information about the printer connection the local port or the URL identifying the network printer. Then click Next. The wizard displays a list of printer makes and models, as shown in Figure 3-8. 5. Select your printer s make and model and click Next. The wizard displays a list of drivers along with its recommendation. 6. Select the printer driver and click Next. The wizard displays a screen (see Figure 3-9) from which you can test the printer settings. Figure 3-8: Select the printer s make and model. Figure 3-7: Add a new printer through the Add Printer Wizard.
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86 Setting Up Printers Configuring printers in Knoppix To add a printer in Knoppix, follow these steps: 1. From the Knoppix desktop, choose Main Menu.KNOPPIX. Configure.Configure printer(s). The Configure Printers wizard appears. Figure 3-6 shows its main window. 2. Click Add on toolbar and select Add Printer/Class from the dropdown menu. The Printer Configuration wizard starts the Add Printer Wizard (see Figure 3-7) that guides you through the steps. 3. Click Next and from the next screen select the type of printer connection. This can be a local parallel, serial, or USB port, as well as a network printer supporting different protocols such as TCP or IPP. Select your printer type and click Next. Depending on your printer s connection type, the wizard prompts for more information. For example, for a local printer, you have to select the parallel, serial, or USB port from a list. Figure 3-6: In Knoppix, configure and manage printers from this GUI tool.
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Book I Chapter 3 Troubleshooting and Configuring Linux Setting Up Printers 85 Networked Windows (SMB): Refers to a printer connected to another PC on the local network that uses the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, the underlying protocol in Windows file and print sharing. Networked Novell (NCP): Refers to a printer connected to a Novell Netware server on the local network. Networked JetDirect: Refers to a HP JetDirect printer connected directly to the local network. 6. If you select Locally-connected, the next screen displays information about the detected parallel port; click Forward to continue. For other options, you get a screen that prompts you to identify the network printer. The way you specify a network printer depends on the network type. For example, to use a networked CUPS printer on a host with the IP address 192.168.0.8 on your local area network, you have to type a name such as http://192.168.0.8:631/printers/HPLaserjetRoom210 where HPLaserjetRoom210 is the name of the networked printer. 7. Select the make and model of your printer, and then click Forward. Click the drop-down list (above the scrolling list) to display a list of printer manufacturers. When you choose a printer manufacturer from this list, the scrolling list displays the names of different printer models from that manufacturer. If you have a PostScript printer, you can simply go to the Generic list (Generic is one of the choices in the manufacturer list) and select PostScript printer. The last screen shows information about the new print queue. 8. Review all information to make sure it s correct, and then click Finish to create the print queue. 9. When a dialog box appears, asking whether you want to print a test page, click Yes. Doing so applies all changes and restarts the print-scheduler program that takes care of printing. The printer now prints a test page, after which a message box appears and asks you to check the test page. 10. Click OK to dismiss the message box. The new print queue appears in the printer configuration window, and you can submit print jobs to this queue. 11. Quit the printer configuration tool. You can do so by choosing Action.Quit, or by closing the printer configuration window (click the X button in the upper-right corner of the window s frame). You are prompted to save the printer information.
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84 Setting Up Printers 4. Enter the name for the print queue and a short description of the print queue; then click Forward. Use some systematic approach when naming the print queue. For example, if I have a HP Laserjet 5000 printer on the second floor in Room 210, I might name the queue Room210HPLJ5000 because this name makes finding the printer easier. Sometimes systems administrators choose cute names such as kermit, piggy, elmo, cookiemonster, and so on, but after you have too many printers, such cute schemes don t work well. Providing a clue about the printer s location as well as the make and model in the print queue s name is best. 5. In the next screen (see Figure 3-5), select a queue type from the dropdown list; then click Forward. Select the print queue type that applies to your situation. For example, if you want to print on a shared Windows printer, select Networked Windows (SMB). To set up a printer connected to your PC s parallel port, select Locallyconnected. The following types of print queues are available: Locally-connected: Refers to a printer connected directly to the serial, parallel, or USB port of your PC. Networked CUPS (IPP): Refers to a Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) print queue at another server on the network (IPP refers to the Internet Printing Protocol used to communicate with the remote CUPS server). Networked UNIX (LPD): Refers to a print queue managed by the LPD server on another UNIX system on the local network (LPD refers to Line Printer Daemon another print spooler for UNIX systems). Figure 3-5: Select the print queue type from this window.
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Book I Chapter 3 Troubleshooting and Configuring Linux Setting Up Printers 83 5. Select the printer s make and model and click Forward. The foomatic-gui tool displays the drivers that apply to this printer. 6. Select the driver you want to use and click Forward. Pick the driver marked recommended. The foomatic-gui tool displays a message saying that you can add the printer by clicking Apply. 7. Click Apply to add the printer. From the foomatic-gui window (refer to Figure 3-1) you can select a printer and click the Test Page button to print a test page. Configuring printers in Fedora Core The Fedora Core installer does not include a printer configuration step, but you can easily configure a printer from a graphical utility program. To set up printers, follow these steps: 1. From the graphical login screen, log in as root. If you re not logged in as root, proceed to the next step and the printer configuration tool prompts you for the root password. 2. From the GNOME or KDE desktop, choose Main Menu.System Settings.Printing. The printer configuration tool is called system-config-printer. Figure 3-4 shows its main window. 3. Click the New button to configure a new printer. The Fedora Core s Printer Configuration wizard starts. The initial window displays a message that assures you that nothing changes until you click the Apply button at the end of all the steps. Click Forward to continue. Figure 3-4: Configure and manage printers from the Printer Configuration tool.
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82 Setting Up Printers 4. Enter a name for the printer queue as well as identifying information about the printer (the location and a brief description) and click Forward. The foomatic-gui tool displays a list of printer make and models, as shown in Figure 3-3. Figure 3-3: Select your printer make and model from this foomatic-gui screen. Figure 3-2: The Add Printer wizard guides you through the steps.
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Book I Chapter 3 Troubleshooting and Configuring Linux Setting Up Printers 81 Setting Up Printers In most Linux distributions, you have to set up any printers after you install the distribution. The following sections outline the printer configuration steps for each of the distributions on this book s DVD Debian, Fedora Core, SUSE, Knoppix, and Xandros. Configuring printers in Debian Debian comes with the foomatic-gui utility that enables you to configure a printer through a graphical interface, as shown in Figure 3-1. To configure a printer, connect the printer to the appropriate port parallel or USB and turn it on. Then follow these steps: 1. Select Main Menu.System.Printers from the GUI desktop to start the foomatic-gui. If you are not logged in as root, a dialog box prompts you for the root password. If you cannot find the menu item, open a terminal window, type su - to become root, and then type export DISPLAY=:0.0; foomatic-gui. The foomatic-gui utility displays its main window, as shown in Figure 3-1. 2. Click Add on the toolbar. (Refer to Figure 3-1.) The foomatic-gui tool starts the Add Printer wizard (see Figure 3-2) that guides you through the process of adding a new printer to your system. 3. Click Forward. The Add Printer wizard displays a number of different connection types for the printer. Select your printer connection from the list. To add a network-connected printer, click Detect Network Printers, and you should see a list of printers, including Windows printers, available on your network. After you select the printer connection, foomatic-gui requests a name for the queue used to hold print jobs for that printer. Figure 3-1: Use the foomatic-gui to configure and manage printers in Debian.
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80 Resolving Other Installation Problems Table 3-3 (continued) Use This Boot Option To Do This nofirewire Does not load support for FireWire. noht Disables hyperthreading (a feature that enables a single processor to act as multiple virtual processors at the hardware level). nomce Disables self-diagnosis checks performed on the CPU by using Machine Check Exception (MCE). On some machines, these checks are performed too often and need to be disabled. nomount Does not automatically mount any installed Linux partitions in rescue mode. nopass Does not pass the keyboard and mouse information to stage 2 of the installation program. nopcmcia Ignores any PCMCIA controllers in system. noprobe Disables automatic hardware detection and instead prompts the user for information about SCSI and network hardware installed on the PC. You can pass parameters to modules by using this approach. noshell Disables shell access on virtual console 2 (the one you get by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2) during installation. nousb Disables the loading of USB support during the installation (may be useful if the installation program hangs early in the process). nousbstorage Disables the loading of the usbstorage module in the installation program s loader. It may help with device ordering on SCSI systems. reboot=b Changes the way the kernel tries to reboot the PC so that it can reboot even if the kernel hangs during system shutdown. pci=noacpi Causes the kernel to not use ACPI to route interrupt requests. pci=biosirq Causes the kernel to use BIOS settings to route interrupt requests (IRQs). rescue Starts the kernel in rescue mode where you get a shell prompt and can try to fix problems. resolution= Causes the installer GUI to run in the specified video mode HHHxVVV (replace HHH and VVV with standard resolution numbers, such as 640×480, 800×600, 1024×768, and so on). selinux=0 Disables the SELinux kernel extensions. serial Turns on serial console support during installation. skipddc Skips the Display Data Channel (DDC) probe of monitors (useful if the probing causes problems). vnc Starts a VNC (Virtual Network Computing) server so that you can control the GUI installer from another networked system that runs a VNC client. text Runs the installation program in text mode.
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Book I Chapter 3 Troubleshooting and Configuring Linux Resolving Other Installation Problems 79 Table 3-3 Some Linux Boot Options Use This Boot Option To Do This askmethod Prompts you for other installation methods, such as installing over the network using NFS, FTP, or HTTP. apic Works around a bug commonly encountered in the Intel 440GX chipset BIOS and only executes with the installation program kernel. acpi=off Disables ACPI in case there are problems with ACPI. dd Prompts for a driver disk during the installation of Red Hat Linux. display=IP_ Causes the installer GUI to appear on the remote system identiaddress: 0 fied by the IP address. (Make sure that you run the command xhost +hostname on the remote system where hostname is the host where you are running the installer.) driverdisk Performs the same function as the dd command. enforcing=0 Turns off Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) mandatory access control. expert Enables you to partition removable media and prompts for a driver disk. ide=nodma Disables DMA (direct memory access) on all IDE devices and can be useful when you are having IDE-related problems. ks Configures the Ethernet card using DHCP and then runs a kickstart installation by using a kickstart file from an NFS server identified by the bootServer parameters provided by the DHCP server. ks=kickstart Runs a kickstart installation by using the kickstart file specified by file kickstartfile. (The idea behind kickstart is to create a text file with all the installation options and then kick start the installation by booting and then providing the kickstart file as input.) lowres Forces the installer GUI to run at a lower resolution (640 x 480). mediacheck Prompts you if you want to check the integrity of the CD image (also called the ISO image). Checking the image is done by computing the MD5 checksum and comparing that with the official Fedora Core value. It can take a few minutes to check a CD-ROM. mem=xxxM Overrides the amount of memory the kernel detects in the PC (some older machines could detect only 16MB of memory, and on some new machines, the video card may use a portion of the main memory). Replace xxx with the number representing the megabytes of memory in your PC. nmi_watchdog=1 Enables the built-in kernel deadlock detector that makes use of Non Maskable Interrupt (NMI). noapic Prevents the kernel from using the Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC) chip. (Use this command on motherboards known to have a bad APIC.) (continued)
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78 Resolving Other Installation Problems The most likely cause of a signal 11 error during installation is a hardware error related to memory or the cache associated with the CPU (microprocessor). Signal 11, also known as SIGSEGV (short for Segment Violation Signal), can occur in other Linux applications. A segment violation occurs when a process tries to access a memory location that it s not supposed to access. The operating system catches the problem before it happens and stops the offending process by sending it a signal 11. When that happens during installation, it means the installer made an error while accessing memory, and the most likely reason is some hardware problem. A commonly suggested cure for the signal 11 problem is to turn off the CPU cache in the BIOS. To do so, you have to enter SETUP while the PC boots (by pressing a function key such as F2) and then turn off the CPU cache from the BIOS setup menu. If the problem is due to a hardware error in memory (in other words, the result of bad memory chips), you could try swapping the memory modules around in their slots. You may also consider replacing an existing memory module with another memory module, if you have one handy. You can read more about the signal 11 problem at www.bitwizard.nl/sig11. Using Linux kernel boot options When you boot the PC for Linux installation, either from the DVD or the first CD-ROM, you get a text screen with the boot: prompt. Typically, you press Enter at that prompt or do nothing and the installation begins shortly. You can, however, specify quite a variety of options at the boot: prompt. The options control various aspects of the Linux kernel startup, such as disabling support for troublesome hardware or starting the X server using a specific X driver module. Some of these boot options can be helpful in bypassing problems that you may encounter during installation. To use these boot options, typically you type linux followed by the boot options. For example, to perform text mode installation and tell the kernel that your PC has 256MB of memory, you type the following at the boot: prompt: linux text mem=256M Consult Table 3-3 for a brief summary of some of the Linux boot options. You can use these commands to turn certain features on or off. Although I mention these Linux kernel boot commands in the context of troubleshooting installation problems, you can use many of these commands anytime you boot a PC with any Linux distribution and you want to turn specific features on or off.
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