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Book II Chapter 1 Introducing the GUI Desktops Introducing Fedora Core s GNOME Desktop 135 The following list touches on the major parts of the GNOME desktop and gives a brief description of each part s purpose: . Desktop icons: Double-click the Computer icon to view the contents of the computer and double-click the Home icon to open your home folder in a Nautilus File Manager window. The Trash icon holds deleted items. Double-click the Start Here icon to open a Nautilus window through which you can access the applications, preferences, and settings. . Main Menu: Brings up the Main Menu from which you can select applications to run. . Web Browser: Runs the Mozilla Web browser. . EMail: Starts the Ximian Evolution e-mail and calendar software. . OpenOffice.org Writer: Runs OpenOffice.org Writer, a Microsoft Wordlike word processor. . OpenOffice.org Impress: Runs the OpenOffice.org Impress slidepresentation program (which is similar to Microsoft PowerPoint). . OpenOffice.org Calc: Runs the OpenOffice.org Calc, a Microsoft Excellike spreadsheet program. . Print Manager: Runs the Print Manager, which you can use to set up and monitor printers. . Workspace Switcher: Each square brings up a different workspace. This has the same function as the Desktop Pager in KDE desktops. . Volume Control: Shows a volume control bar that you can use to change the sound s volume by dragging a slider. . Updates: Brings up the Red Hat Network window from which you can select updates to install. . Time: Brings up a calendar showing the current date. Click Main Menu (refer to Figure 1-14) to open the main menu and explore the categories. From the main menu, you can access nearly all applications and utilities in Fedora Core. Fedora Core s KDE desktop is configured to look very similar to its GNOME desktop. This makes it easy for Fedora Core users to switch between the two GUIs without having to relearn the menus and the location of icons on the panel.
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134 Introducing Fedora Core s GNOME Desktop To explore Debian s KDE desktop, try clicking the panel icons to start the applications. In particular, you can click the Home icon to open your home folder in the Konqueror file manager. After that window opens, you can explore other folders to get a feel for the file system. You can also click the Main Menu and mouse over the items to see all the submenus to get an idea of the variety of applications that you can run in Debian. You can, of course, click an item to start a specific application and give each one a try. Introducing Fedora Core s GNOME Desktop GNOME is the default GUI for Fedora Core. This means that when you first log in at the GUI login screen, you get the GNOME desktop, as shown in Figure 1-14. The desktop shows icons for the computer, your home folder, trash, and a Start Here icon that you can use to start configuring the system. Contents of your computer Updates Main Volume control Time Menu Web Browser Email OpenOffice.org Writer OpenOffice.org Impress OpenOffice.org Calc Print Manager Work space switcher Contents of Home folder Deleted items Applications, preferences, and settings Figure 1-14: The GNOME desktop in Fedora Core.
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Book II Chapter 1 Introducing the GUI Desktops Introducing Debian s KDE Desktop 133 Clicking Main Menu brings up the Main Menu, shown in Figure 1-12, that gives you access to most of the applications in Debian. Of course, the exact list of applications in various submenus depends on what you have installed, but Figure 1-12 gives you a view of a typical main menu in Debian. To browse the main menu, mouse over items that have a right arrow, and a submenu pops up with more items. The Control Center Menu (see Figure 1-13) is the other menu that you can launch from the panel. Through the Control Center Menu, you can run the KDE Control Center or start individual modules of the Control Center for specific system configuration and administration tasks. Figure 1-13: The Control Center Menu gives you access to the KDE Control Center. Figure 1-12: Start applications from the Main Menu in Debian s KDE desktop.
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132 Introducing Debian s KDE Desktop . Terminal Window: Runs Konsole, a program that provides a terminal window where you can type Linux commands. . Home Folder: Opens your home directory in the Konqueror file manager. . Web Browser: Runs the Konqueror Web browser. . KMail: Runs the KMail mail client for KDE. . Desktop Pager: Each square brings up a different desktop. This is similar to the Workspace Switcher in GNOME desktops. . Clipboard: Shows what has been cut and what you can paste elsewhere. . KOrganizer: Opens the personal organizer window showing the appointments for today s date. . Time: Brings up a calendar showing the current date. Deleted Items Main Menu Control Center Menu Home Folder KMail Open home folder Show Desktop Desktop pager Terminal Window Web Browser Wallpaper Clipboard KOrganizer Time Figure 1-11: Debian s default KDE desktop.
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Book II Chapter 1 Introducing the GUI Desktops Introducing Debian s KDE Desktop 131 The Main Menu typically also has the a few menu items for some commonly performed tasks such as the following: . Main Menu.Help displays online help. . Main Menu.Run Command displays a dialog box where you can enter the name of a program to run and then click Run to start that program. . Main Menu.Search for Files (or Find Files) runs a search tool from which you can search for files. . Main Menu.Lock Screen starts the screen saver and locks the screen. When you want to return to the desktop, the system prompts you for your password. . Main Menu.Logout logs you out. (You get a chance to confirm whether you really want to log out or not.) The Main Menu in each distribution has different categories, but the menu organization is similar enough that you can usually find what you need. Okay. That s all I m telling you about the Main Menu. You ll use the Main Menu a lot as you use GNOME or KDE desktops. Even if it seems too much initially, it ll all become very familiar as you spend more time with Linux. In the following sections, I provide an overview of specific desktops: Debian s KDE desktop, Fedora Core s GNOME desktop, Knoppix desktop, SUSE desktop, and Xandros desktop. Introducing Debian s KDE Desktop Debian s default KDE desktop has a simple look (see Figure 1-11) with just two icons your home folder and the Trash icon on the desktop. In Figure 1-11, note the following major items in Debian s KDE desktop and what happens when you click on each: . Desktop icons: The Home icon opens your home folder in a Konqueror File Manager window and the Trash icon represents a place where deleted items are stored until you empty the trash. . Main Menu: Brings up the Main Menu from which you can select applications to run. . Show Desktop: Shows the desktop by minimizing all windows. . Control Center Menu: Brings up the Control Center Menu that provides access to various modules of the Control Center through which you can configure the system.
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130 Getting to Know the Common Features of the GUIs In most desktops, the top-level main menu has the following types of menu categories: . Accessories or Utilities: Lots of utility programs, such as a scientific calculator, character selector, floppy formatter, dictionary, Palm Pilot or Handspring sync, and so on. . Games: A menu of what else, games (and a whole lot of them at that Solitaire, Mahjongg, Mines, Reversi, and many more). . Graphics: Programs such as the GIMP (an Adobe Photoshop-like program), a digital camera interface, a scanner interface, a screen capture program, and an Adobe Acrobat viewer. . Internet: Internet applications, such as the Web browser, e-mail reader, and Instant Messenger. . Office: Office applications such as the OpenOffice.org office suite (includes Writer word processor, Calc spreadsheet, Impress slide presentation program, Draw drawing program, and much more). . Preferences or Settings: Options to configure many aspects of the system, including the appearance and the behavior of the desktop. . Multimedia or Sound & Video: Multimedia applications such as CD player, sound mixer, sound recorder, and volume control. . System: System administration tools for configuring your Linux system. Figure 1-10: The main menu hierarchy in a typical KDE desktop.
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Book II Chapter 1 Introducing the GUI Desktops Getting to Know the Common Features of the GUIs 129 The Main Menu The leftmost icon on the panel is the Main Menu button. That s where you typically find all the applications, organized into submenus. In this section, I provide some examples of the Main Menu and point out some interesting items. You can then do further exploration yourself. Click the Main Menu button to bring up the first level menu. Then mouse over any menu item with an arrow to bring up the next level menu and so on. You can go through a menu hierarchy and make selections from the final menu. Figures 1-9 and 1-10, respectively, show the main menu hierarchies in typical GNOME and KDE desktops. A word about the way I refer to a menu selection: I use the notation Main Menu.Utilities.More Programs.Personal Time Tracker to refer to the menu selection shown in Figure 1-10. Similarly, I say choose Main Menu. Preferences.More Preferences.Multimedia Systems Selector to refer to the menu sequence highlighted in Figure 1-9. You get the idea. Figure 1-9: The main menu hierarchy in a typical GNOME desktop.
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128 Getting to Know the Common Features of the GUIs Starting at the left, the first icon (regardless of what it shows) is the Main Menu button it s like the Start button in Microsoft Windows. Then come a few icons that start various programs. By the way, if you move the mouse pointer on top of an icon, a small Help balloon pops up and gives you a helpful hint about the icon. To the right of the leftmost set of icons, a workspace-switcher icon shows four rectangular areas, each representing a virtual desktop. The icon is variously known as Workspace Switcher, Desktop Pager, or simply Pager. You can click one of these rectangles to switch to a different virtual desktop. This feature is like having four separate virtual desktops to work with. To be honest, I end up using only one desktop, but I like knowing the others are there if I ever need them. On the other hand, if you re writing code and preparing a user s guide for a new program, you can use one desktop for all the coding work and a second desktop for writing the user s guide. You can, of course, switch from one desktop to the other with a single mouse click. The area to the right of the Desktop Pager icon displays buttons for the programs you have started so far. This area is blank if you have not yet started any programs. Other icons may be next to the Pager, but the date and time always appear at the far-right edge of the panel. Now for a little bit of technical detail about these icons on the panel. The panel itself is a separate application; each icon is a button or a program called an applet. The applets are little applications (also called plugins). These panel applets can do things such as launching other programs or displaying the date and time. To run an applet, right-click an empty area of the panel and select the appropriate menu item to add an applet to the panel. After adding the applet, you can right-click the applet s icon to configure it or perform some task that the applet supports. If you right-click any icon or right-click anywhere on the panel you get a context menu where you can do something relevant to that icon (such as move it or remove it entirely). You can also set some preferences and add more buttons and applets to the panel. Figure 1-8: A typical view of a KDE panel.
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Book II Chapter 1 Introducing the GUI Desktops Getting to Know the Common Features of the GUIs 127 The panel The panel is the long bar that stretches across the bottom of the desktop. Figures 1-7 and 1-8 show typical views of the GNOME and KDE panels, respectively. The panel is a parking place for icons. Some icons start programs when you click them. Some show status (such as what programs are currently running), as well as information such as date and time. Figure 1-7: A typical view of a GNOME panel. Figure 1-6: An icon context menu in KDE. Figure 1-5: An icon context menu in GNOME.
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126 Getting to Know the Common Features of the GUIs Icon context menus Right-clicking any desktop icon in GNOME or KDE causes another menu to appear. (See Figures 1-5 and 1-6.) Many items on this context menu are the same no matter what icon you click but right-clicking certain icons (for example, the Trash icon) produces a somewhat different menu. You can perform the following typical tasks from icon context menus: . Open a folder in a file manager. . Open a file with an application that you choose. . Rename the icon. . Move the icon to trash. . View the properties of that icon. For the Trash icon, the icon context menu typically provides an option to permanently delete the items in the trash. (You get a chance to say yes or no.) I bet you see a pattern here. It s the right-click. No matter where you are in a GUI desktop, always right-click before you pick. You re bound to find something useful when you right-click! Figure 1-4: Typical right-click menu for a KDE desktop. Figure 1-3: Typical right-click menu for a GNOME desktop.
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