10 What Is Linux? (Best web site) The primary job of
10 What Is Linux? The primary job of an operating system is to load software (computer programs) from the hard drive (or other permanent storage) into the memory and get the CPU to run those programs. Everything you do with your computer is possible because of the operating system so if the operating system somehow messes up, the whole system freezes up. You know how infuriating it is when your favorite operating system maybe even the one that came with your PC suddenly calls it quits just as you were about to click the Send button after composing that long e-mail to your friend. You try the three-finger salute (pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del), but nothing happens. Then it s time for the Reset button (provided your computer s builders were wise enough to include one). Luckily, that sort of thing almost never happens with Linux it has a reputation for being a very reliable operating system. In technical mumbo jumbo, Linux is a multiuser, multitasking operating system. All this means is that Linux enables multiple users to log in, and Linux can run more than one program at the same time. Nearly all operating systems are multiuser and multitasking these days, but when Linux first started in 1994, multiuser and multitasking were big selling points. Linux distributions A Linux distribution consists of the Linux kernel (the operating system) and a collection of applications, together with an easy-to-use installation program. By the way, most people just say Linux to refer to a specific Linux distribution. You find many Linux distributions, and each includes the standard Linux operating system and the following major packages: . The X Window System: The graphical user interface. . One or more graphical desktops: Among the most popular are GNOME and KDE. Does Linux really run on any computer? Linux runs on many different types of computer systems and it does seem able to run on nearly any type of computer. Linus Torvalds and other programmers originally developed Linux for the Intel 80×86 (and compatible) line of processors. Nowadays, Linux is also available for systems based on other processors such as those with AMD s 64-bit AMD64 processors, the Motorola 68000 family; Alpha AXPs; Sun SPARCs and UltraSPARCs; Hewlett-Packard s HP PARISC; the PowerPC and PowerPC64 processors; and the MIPS R4×00 and R5×00. More recently, IBM has released its own version of Linux for its S/390 mainframe. This book covers Linux for Intel 80×86 and Pentium processors (these have in common a basic physical structure known as IA- 32 architecture).
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